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Anna Reinhart - Twice Wed in Secret

Anna Reinhard was born in Zurich around 1484. Her parents Oswald and Elizabeth Reinhard were an innkeepers in Zurich. Anna, like many other young women of her social strata, was mostly uneducated. Despite her lack of education she grew up in a deeply pious home which made a lasting impression on her life.

Anna was beautiful both inside and out. Her looks and gentle personality caught the attention of John Meyer von Knonau, a young nobleman in Zurich. Unfortunately for everyone involved, John was the only son of the wealthy, affluent and noble Gerald Meyer, a powerbroker on the Zurich city council. When Gerald heard that his only son had set his sights on the local innkeeper’s daughter, he was livid.

His first course of action was to send John to the court of his cousin Hugo of Landenburg, the Bishop of Konstanz. Gerald hoped that by creating geographical space between the young, smitten couple he would cure John of his infatuation with Anna. He reasoned that time, and distance would erase her from John’s mind. To ensure the success of his plans Gerald arranged for John to marry a noble young woman. Finally in 1504 Gerald summoned John back to Zurich and informed him that he would be marrying a wealthy heiress his father had selected for him. Gerald waxed lyrical about the advantages of the match, telling John he would need to travel to the estates of his prospective bride to meet her.

John did as he was asked and returned home but he didn’t want to marry a noble woman. He wanted to marry Anna Reinhard, the innkeeper’s daughter instead. Predictably his announcement infuriated his father who strongly objected to the match because Anna was beneath him in rank and social status. To keep the peace John agreed to visit the estates of the prospective bride his father had selected yet on his way there he diverted to a nearby village where he had arranged to meet Anna. The two were married there in secret. John then added insult to injury by writing a letter to his father, informing him that he was now legally wed to Anna Reinhard. Enraged by his son’s wilful disobedience Gerald Meyer cut him off from access to the family and the family fortune, channelling John’s portion of the inheritance to his son-in-law.

Frauenbad Stadthausquai, Zurich, Switzerland

John found work as a City Councilman and though he and Anna were not as wealthy as they might have been if they had access to his inheritance, they were blissfully happy. In 1509, five years after they were married, their first child was born. They chose to name him Gerald, in honour of John’s belligerent father. They went on to have two more children – Margaret born in 1510 and Agatha, born in 1512. Gerald turned out to be a beautiful and intelligent child who became the instrument that softened his grandfather’s heart toward his parents.

Gerald Senior found out about his namesake on a visit to the market when the child’s nurse had brought him along with her to purchase produce. The child reminded him of John when he was young and upon further inquiry, he was informed that the child was, in fact, John’s son. Gerald senior was so enamoured with his grandson that he wanted to adopt him, and Anna and John willingly gave him their consent.

Despite his father's displeasure displeasure John von Knonau held several important offices in the Zurich City Council and his family, though not extremely wealthy, was comfortable. In 1513, John joined the Swiss forced which marched into Italy to assist the Pope and the Emperor against the French in the battle for Milan. When John eventually returned from war he was broken in health and died shortly thereafter on the 26th of November 1517 leaving Anna a widow, responsible for the care of three children.

Grossmunster and Limmat River, Zurich, Switzerland

After the death of her husband Anna focused solely on caring for her children. Gerald showed great intellectual promise, and she was determined to give him every opportunity he needed to succeed. In 1518 Ulrich Zwingli became the Canon of the Cathedral Church in Zurich. Anna was one of his regular parishioners and she was touched by his sermons on salvation by faith. As she listened to Zwingli teach directly from Scripture week after week her heart was drawn to the message.

Anna became one of nearly 2,000 Zurich citizens who embraced the Reformation because of Zwingli’s preaching. For the first four years of Zwingli’s ministry at the Cathedral Church Anna regularly attended his services and brought the children with her. It was during one of these visits that they became personally acquainted, and their friendship deepened over a common concern for Gerald.

Zwingli took an almost immediate liking to the boy, recognising his intellectual gifts early in their acquaintance. He took it upon himself to mentor Gerald and oversaw his education. Anna was relieved and delighted by Zwingli’s interest and their friendship grew over the years. In 1520 when Gerald was 11 Zwingli sent him to Basle to study.

The bond between Gerald and his mentor was strong and in turn strengthened the bond between Zwingli and Anna. It wasn’t long before Zwingli was seriously considering Anne as his wife. Though he had been ordained as a Catholic priest Zwingli had renounced the teaching of clerical celibacy. He believed that marriage was a most holy covenant and looked on it favourably. Finally in 1522 Zwingli proposed to Anna and they were married in secret that year. Their clandenstine marriage was prompted by Zwingli's fears - he was the first reformer to take a wife and he feared the repercussions of such a bold choice, not only on himself but also on Anna and her children.

Limmat River, Zurich, Switzerland

Anna’s marriage to Zwingli marked her second secret wedding. She was twenty when she married John and thirty-eight when she married Zwingli. Zwingli didn’t openly acknowledge Anna as his wife until April 1524. However despite his best efforts to avoid controversy, news of their marriage set tongues wagging. To make matters worse Zwingli’s unwillingness to acknowledge his marriage until nearly two years after the fact created speculation that he had been living with Anna prior to being married. Ultimately, like many other priests turned reformers, Zwingli was forced to defend himself against the multitude of accusations brought against him. He wrote a small booklet titled The Office of the Ministry which was printed in Zurich in 1525.

Once news of their marriage became public knowledge Anna Zwingli became the first wife of a Protestant reformer and minister. She took her role seriously not only because she respected the office but also because she recognised that she was a role model for countless women who had begun to embrace the reformation.

During the early years of their marriage Zwingli was incredibly busy. As the leading reformer of Switzerland the demands on his time and energy were not only enormous but taxing. Anna became his most trusted confidant and partner in almost every aspect of his work. She frequently offered him advice about various matters he grappled with. She also ran their home, cared for the children and extended hospitality to countless young men who flooded their home, eager to received mentorship and guidance from Zwingli.

Anna also spent a great deal of time visiting the sick and relieving the poor. While Anna had been respected during her first marriage, her new position as Frau Zwingli broadened her sphere of influence and she was quick to make use of every opportunity that presented itself. Astonishingly, she did all this on the relatively small salary Zwingli received from the City of Zurich. Her frugality stretched their funds to meet the needs of not only their immediate family but also the growing number of visitors they hosted and the needy they served in the city.

Altstadt and Limmat River, Zurich, Switzerland

Anna was also an ardent Bible student. When Luther’s German translation of the Old Testament was translated in Swiss German by the leaders of the Reformation in Zurich, Zwingli is reported to have read the proof sheets to Anna every evening before they retired to bed. It became one of her favourite activities each day. When the Old Testament was finally published in Swiss German in 1529, Zwingli gifted Anna a copy. She worked hard to disseminate this translation of the Bible among the citizens of Zurich, urging them to study Scripture in their native tongue.

Another role Anna needed to assume was that of the consummate hostess to the numerous intellectuals that often associated with Zwingli. Many of the leading academics and theologians from across Europe frequented the Zwingli’s home and Anna hosted them with grace and finesse. Not long after her own marriage to Zwingli, Anna’s son Gerald married at the age of 16 in 1525. He then became a prominent member of the Zurich City Council like his father.

However, despite the blessings Anna received from her years as Zwingli’s wife, her second marriage ended tragically. Though Zwingli and his fellow reformers had made progress in spreading and establishing the Reformation throughout Switzerland there were still a considerable number of Cantons which were ardently Catholic. These Cantons saw the Reformation as a threat on every level – religious, cultural, social, economic and political – to their established way of life.

Growing tensions between the Catholic Cantons and the Reformed Cantons led to the outbreak of war in 1529. The conflict dragged on for two years, ravaging the countryside and wreaking havoc throughout Switzerland. In 1531 Zwingli and Gerald were drawn into the fray. Ill prepared for war Zwingli believed that he would not return home. Sadly this inkling proved to be true. Both Zwingli and Gerald died during the Battle of Keppel in 1531.

When Anna heard the news, she collapsed in a haze of grief and tears. Not only had she been deprived of her husband yet again, but she was also bereft of her beloved son. When she first received the news Anna is reported to have cried “O God! Strengthen me for this trying hour!” Mercifully she was surrounded by family and friends who supported her through trial. After the initial shock of the news had passed Anna is reported to have said “God is faithful, who will not suffer his people to be tried above what they are able but will with the trial also make a way to escape that they may be able to bear it.” Her hand remained firmly clasped in God’s hand throughout the darkest hour of her life.

After Zwingli’s death Anna and her younger children were cared for by Zwingli’s disciple and friend Heinrich Bullinger. He opened his home and his heart to the bereaved family, treating Anna with the tender respect of a spiritual mother. Anna died seven years later on the 6th of December 1538. Through all the vicissitudes of her life her faith remained a constant anchor, sheltering her from the worst of the storm.

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